Wednesday, September 30, 2009


LOCAL EVENTS-WINNIPEG:
EMPIRE OF ILLUSION:
It's happening in two weeks down at the Rudolf Rocker Cultural Centre, 91 Albert St., here in Winnipeg. A book launch for 'Empire of Illusion' by Chris Hedges. Here's the promo.
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Chris Hedges "Empire of Illusion" Book Launch:
Pulitzer Prize winning author launches his latest.
Host:
Mondragon
Date:
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Time:
7:30pm - 9:30pm
Location:
Rudolph Rocker Cultural Centre
3rd Floor of 91 Albert St.
Winnipeg, MB
Phone:
204-799-2901
Email:
mondragon@mondragon.ca
Description
Chris Hedges, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and author of classics such as War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning and American Fascists, launches his latest book, EMPIRE OF ILLUSION.
In EMPIRE OF ILLUSION: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle, Chris Hedges examines the rift between these two cultures. He posits that our culture has detached from intellectualism, instead relying on spectacle, false idols, and snake oil salesmen to distract us from the economic, political and moral collapse around us. From the ring of professional wrestling matches at Madison Square Garden, to the convention floor in Las Vegas for the pornography industry’s annual Adult Video News (AVN) expo, to academic conferences where positive psychologists claim to be able to engineer happiness, he investigates the distractions and diversions that keep so many blissfully blind to reality. EMPIRE OF ILLUSION is a disturbing anatomy of a society unmoored from reality; one that has let literacy and critical thinking erode and allowed a new wave of celebrity, slogans, and illusion to overtake our autonomy.
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MOLLY NOTE
I sincerely hope that the author mentioned above will be more objective than the usual run of leftist "intellectuals". There is little doubt that our society, and that of most (all ?) societies in the world operate very much on the level of illusion and what has been called 'the spectacle'. That is granted. The problem is that the average leftist critic now operates at a much greater level of illusion than the general society does. Not only is there not even a grudging admission about how little the average person takes the spectacle "seriously". What is worse is that far too much of 'the left' wallows in a swamp of guilt and anti-intellectualism ((in the sense that they are against any effort to think things out beyond taking sides) that would put Sarah Palin to shame. Quite frankly before I will take any leftist critic seriously I would like to see the fans of TV wrestling put above the fans of fads such as post-modernism if for no other reason that that the wrestling fans are both more realistic and have a sense of humour. This may be too much to expect, but attend the lecture to see what this guy has to say. For myself, all that I can say is that a society of illusion inevitably begets its own illusionary opposition.

CANADIAN ANARCHIST MOVEMENT-TORONTO:
ORGANIZING WORKING CLASS COMMUNITIES:
The Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) is cosponsoring an interesting speaker down Toronto way this Friday evening. Here's the skivvy.
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Home
Friday: Solidarity. Resistance. Change:
Steve Williams Speaks:

Organizing Working Class Communities
Public forum featuring:
Steve Williams
Co-Director and co-founder of the California based group "People Organized to win Employment Rights" and co-author of the book "Towards Land, Work and Power"
7pm, Friday October 2, 2009
Ryerson Student Centre
55 Gould Street, Room 115
Toronto
Directions: http://www.oakhamhouse.com/pages/directions.php
Co-sponsored by Socialist Project and Centre for Social Justice.Endorsed by Black Action Defence Committee (BADC), No One Is Illegal (NOII) and Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP)

AMERICAN LABOUR:
MORE PRESSURE ON GIUMARRA:
The Giumarra Corporation is the world's largest supplier of table grapes. Despite their size and profitability they are determined to squeeze every last cent of profit out of their workers. The campaign of the United Farm Workers against abuses by this corporation was mentioned earlier this month on this blog. Here's another appeal from the UFW to sign their online petition against this high handed way of treating workers.
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We're almost there. Won't you help?:
We've been telling you about the situation that exists at Giumarra vineyards and the online petition we launched for the workers. Our goal is to get 25,000 signatures by the end of the month.

We are almost there. With the number of signatures supporters have committed to turning into us this week, we have more than 23,000. We just have approximately 2,000 more signatures to go.

Please help: Sign the petition demanding that Giumarra treat its workers with dignity and respect!

Approximately one out of every ten bunches of grapes picked in the U.S. comes from workers for a single company--Giumarra. Yet, for all their hard work, Giumarra has for years refused to treat those workers with even the most basic level of respect.

Farm workers should have the same rights as everyone else. It's time Giumarra got that message loud and clear. Help pump up the volume by signing the workers’ online petition today.
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THE PETITION
Please go to THIS LINK to sign the following online petition to the Giumarra Corporation. Show them that the world is watching.
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Full Petition Text:
I am astonished and dismayed at the length that Giumarra goes to in order to keep workers under control. It reflects negatively on your company and the Giumarra Corporation's new label, Nature's Partner.
Giumarra has a history of intimidating and bullying workers. Back in 2006, Giumarra's unlawful interference forced a union election to be thrown out by an administrative judge. Your history with worker protection is also dismal with two farm workers dying from heat-related causes while laboring in your fields. While charges are being filed left and right, your company continues to violate the law.
Instead of moving forth in a new era, under your new label, you have chosen to rise to new levels of bad behavior. Using this tactic to force workers to pick faster under triple digit temperatures or to retaliate against a worker who has the nerve to question a supervisor is just wrong. How can you be Nature's Partner when your absurd quotas and intimidation force workers to endure the searing sun and go without water, shade and breaks?
It's time for your company to realize that you are not above the law. The consumers of Giumarra and your new Nature's Partner label are watching you. Treat the workers laboring in your fields with dignity and respect and stop retaliating against UFW supporters.
Sincerely:

Tuesday, September 29, 2009


AMERICAN LABOUR-NEW YORK CITY:
KEEP THE BISCUITS IN THE BRONX:
The following story and appeal comes from the IUF, an international union federation.
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Keep Stella D'oro and Union Biscuit Jobs in the Bronx!:
The Jobs with Justice coalition is campaigning to keep Bronx, New York-based biscuit maker Stella D'oro in New York. 136 members of the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers & Grain Millers International Union (BCTGM) were forced out on strike last year for nearly 11 months when the private equity-owned company presented a take-it-or-leave-it contract offer which would have shredded wages and benefits. From August 14, 2008, union members showed tremendous solidarity on the picket line, winning growing community, national and international support for holding the line against a predatory financial investor. The Stella buyout and the union's resistance to financial pillage - and its wider significance for a US industrial landscape riddled with private equity wreckage - was described in Buyouts, Breadsticks, Biscotti.
The union won a rare legal victory when the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ruled the company guilty of bargaining in bad faith and ordered the workers reinstated with full back pay. When they returned to work on July 6, private equity owners Brynwood Partners announced they would be closing the plant within 90 days and relocating production. Union efforts to use the NLRB procedures to fight this illegal retaliation stalled at the NLRB. And on September 8, Brynwood announced that it had reached a deal to sell Stella D'oro to Lance, Inc., a non-union North Carolina-based food manufacturer that owns snack brands such as Archway cookies - another victim of leveraged buyout predators under investigation for cooking the books to meet their obligations to creditors.
The deal will not be finalized until October. Stella D'oro has been in the Bronx for seventy years; BCTGM Local 50 has represented the workers since the 1960's. Stella and its workers have firm roots in the community.
There's still time. CLICK HERE to send a message to Lance, telling them to keep Stella D'oro in the Bronx - with a union contract!
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THE LETTER
Click on the link above or GO HERE to send the following letter to management at Lance Inc.
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To President & CEO David Singer c/o Mark Carter
I am deeply disappointed to learn that Lance, Inc. intends to purchase the Stella D'oro Biscuit Company and move production out of its historic home in the Bronx. The Stella D’oro bakery has been a fixture in the community for decades and the source of much-needed family-supporting jobs in the neighborhood.

During times of economic crisis, profitable companies like Lance have a responsibility to our communities. Stella D’oro workers have built the brand you now seek to profit from and they deserve to be treated fairly.

Pledge to keep production in the Bronx and negotiate a fair contract with BCTGM Local 50!
Yours sincerely


INTERNATIONAL POLITICS-EUROPE:

THE NEOCONOPTICON:
There's an interesting new report being published by the folks over at Statewatch, an European outfit dedicated to keeping a close eye on those who keep a close eye on the rest of us. The Neoconopticon details how much of the total surveillance state is already in place and how much more is yet to come. The title comes from Jeremy Bentham's 'Panopticon', a design for a "perfect prison" where there is total surveillance and control of all the inmates. It should be noted that Bentham was a liberal reformer. Like so much so-called "reform" the idea of total surveillance began as an idea beloved by the left for its sheer stupidity and later taken over by the right for its sheer viciousness. Far too much of statist politics lives out its life in a similar way. Here's the announcement from Statewatch.
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Neoconopticon - the EU Security-Industrial Complex‏:
Major new report by Statewatch and the Transnational Institute:
NeoConOpticon - The EU Security-Industrial Complex by Ben Hayes (pdf):
"Despite the often benign intent behind collaborative European ‘research’ into integrated land, air, maritime, space and cyber-surveillance systems, the EU’s security and R&D policy is coalescing around a high-tech blueprint for a new kind of security. It envisages a future world of red zones and green zones; external borders controlled by military force and internally by a sprawling network of physical and virtual security checkpoints; public spaces, micro-states and ‘mega events’ policed by high-tech surveillance systems and rapid reaction forces;‘peacekeeping’ and ‘crisis management’ missions that make no operational distinction between the suburbs of Basra or the Banlieue; and the increasing integration of defence and national security functions at home and abroad.





It is not just a case of “sleepwalking into” or “waking up to” a “surveillance society”, as the UK’s Information Commissioner famously warned, it feels more like turning a blind eye to the start of a new kind of arms race, one in which all the weapons are pointing inwards. Welcome to the NeoConOpticon."
Press release: Defence industry dominates EU’s security research programme (pdf
Contacts for further information:
Ben Hayes +44 (0) 20 8802 1882 (ben@statewatch.org ) or
Nina Brenjo +31 (0) 63 484 2129 (nina.brenjo@tni.org )

Monday, September 28, 2009


CANADIAN LABOUR-HAMILTON:
MULTISERV WORKERS PICKET US STEEL PLANT:
The following article from the Hamilton Spectator came to Molly's attention via the website of USW Local 8782. The Steelworkers Union is involved in a number of bitter disputes across the country, all at once. Aside from the strike at Vale Inco, many of these-in Pine Falls, Hamilton and Nanticoke-seem to involve lockouts. Looks like the bosses are in a particularly nasty mood. Either that or they hope to take advantage of the present hard times to 'stick it to' unions before an economic upturn. In the following case the opponent, MultiServ, is something of a subcontractor within plants owned by other companies. Makes it hard to build solidarity when the majority of the workers at a plant are not involved in the dispute. To say the least this the sort of thing that would be remedied by 'industrial unionism', where all the workers at an enterprise would be part of one union and not divided up. It seems, moreover, that MultiServ has gone beyond the tradition limits of trying to operate with salaried personnel and is in the process of bringing in scabs, just as Vale Inco wants to do elsewhere. Members of Local 8782 have reacted to this affront. See below.
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Tensions rise on MultiServ picket line:
Lisa Grace Marr
The Hamilton Spectator(Sep 28, 2009)
Tensions are escalating in the ongoing dispute between MultiServ and its locked-out employees.

Early Saturday about two dozen employees formed a picket line at U.S. Steel's Hamilton plant. MultiServ runs its operations within U.S. Steel's gates.

The employees were protesting the use of replacement workers, some of whom were former union members who had received retirement packages.

About 110 employees of the firm, which provides slag recycling services to U.S. Steel and ArcelorMittal Dofasco, have been locked out for nearly 11 weeks.

The company has been using salaried, non-union staff to run the plant.

Talks broke off last Tuesday without resolution.

Pennsylvania-based Harsco Corp., owner of MultiServ, is seeking a 15 per cent wage cut in addition to other concessions.

Darren Kerr, plant chair and financial officer for the United Steelworkers, Local 7577, at MultiServ's locations at U.S. Steel, ArcelorMittal Dofasco and Cambridge, said the company is now offering lucrative contracts to former employees, undercutting the union's bargaining ability.

He said so far, about 14 employees have taken the package, but it's unknown just how many have returned to work.

"One employee who's now (returned to work at MultiServ) was at our action centre and our staff helped him get his Class D licence ... more education and that's how he repaid us," Kerr said.
But on Saturday, Ken Julian, communications director for MultiServ, said the company and the union would head back to the table Thursday for negotiations.

"Our first priority is to our customers," Julian said. ( I seriously doubt that statement-Molly )

MOUVEMENT ANARCHISTE DU CANADA/CANADIAN ANARCHIST MOVEMENT:
CAUSE COMMUNE NO 25:
Celle article est de le blog Voix de faits à Québec. This article is from the Voix De Faits blog in Québec.
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Le numéro 25 de Cause commune, le journal de l'Union communiste libertaire (UCL), est maintenant disponible sur le web.
4000 exemplaires papier de ce journal sont distribués gratuitement par des militantes et des militants libertaires, membres ou non de l’organisation. Cause commune se veut un tremplin pour les idées anarchistes, en appui aux mouvements de résistance contre les patrons, les proprios et leurs alliés au gouvernement. Vous pouvez soumettre un texte ou nous faire part de vos commentaires en écrivant à journal@causecommune.net. Si le journal vous plaît et que vous voulez aider à le diffuser dans votre milieu, contactez le collectif de l’UCL le plus près de chez-vous (voir la liste sur http://www.causecommune.net/).
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Cause commune no 25
Issue number 25 of Cause Commune, the newspaper of the Libertarian Communist Union(UCL), is now available on the web.
4000 paper copies of this newspaper are distributed free by libertarian activists , whether members or not of the organization. Cause Commune wants to be a springboard for anarchist ideas, in support of resistance movements against the bosses, the owners and their allies in government. You can submit a text or send us your comments by writing to journal@causecommune.net . If the paper pleases you and you want to help distribute in your community, contact the group at UCL the nearest you (see list on http://www.causecommune.net ).
Summray of Issue Number 25:
**If elections could change the city ... They would be banned!
**[Libertarian Perspective] The real fraud is capitalism
**Anarchy A to Z: "W" as in Wobblies
**Turcot Interchange: Housing, not concrete!
**Fredy Villanueva: One year later in Montreal North
**Blackwater USA: Need a War? We're the experts!
**In Afghanistan to defend women's rights?
**Unionization: Starbucks shows its true face
**[Letters] He who sows privatization harvesst radicalization
[Urban Struggles ] The city of Quebec in the sights of developers

Sunday, September 27, 2009


CANADIAN LABOUR-NEWFOUNDLAND:
MOLSON RETIREES PROTEST BEER CLAWBACK:
Finally, here's a labour cause that every right thinking, patriotic Canadian should be able to get behind. Beer, of course, real beer that is as opposed to the dilute urine sold south of the border, is definitely one of the things that define this country. Retired Molson workers in Newfoundland are protesting a claw back of one of their retirement benefits on the part of the company. The clawback involves the company saying that it will no longer supply its retirees with the traditional 6 twelve packs of beer per month. See the end of this post for further Molly comments on this matter. For now all that I can say is that any Canadian who doesn't recognize this for the atrocity that it is should be hung by a lamp post at dawn for the crime of treason. The story from the CBC...
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N.L beer protest still brewing
CBC News
Retired brewery workers gathered outside a Molson plant in St. John's for the second time this year to protest the company’s plans to cut back the amount of beer pensioners receive every month.




Right now, retired workers get six dozen beer per month from the company but Molson plans to reduce that to one dozen beer per month, as of Jan. 1, 2010.




The company says it will drop the allocation altogether in five years.




This is the second time retirees have protested the change. They also protested last June when Molson retirees across the country received a letter from their former employer outlining the planned changes.




The letter says the changes are necessary because of "competitive pressure and the current economy" which have forced the company to "monitor costs and look for innovative ways to control and reduce them."




At the time, the pensioners union representative spoke out against the new policy.




"There's been no consultation with the members, and they've taken beer from them, which is a taxable benefit," said Greg Pretty of the FFAW/CAW, which represents approximately 45 Molson retirees in St. John's.




"The people who brought this company to where it is today … are now being discriminated against based on their age," he said.




There are about 50 retired Molson workers in the province.




A Molson representative told CBC that supplying 2,400 retirees across the country with free beer was costing the company over $1 million a year.
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MOLLY NOTES
The whole idea that Molson's is "suffering" under the present "economic conditions" is, of course, absurd. If there is one business that is recession proof it is booze. Check it out yourself if you don't believe me. Glance up to the photo that accompanies this article. Note the sign about the Montréal Canadiens. Molson is "suffering" so much that they were only able to clinch a deal to repurchase the Habs earlier this year for a paltry $500,000,000. That's half a billion dollars. I wish I could suffer so badly.




But there's another indication of the degree of Molson's suffering beneath the surface of what the above article says. Here comes your math test kiddies. Let's assume the round numbers supplied in the above of 2,400 Molson pensioners and about 1 million in expenses to be about right. If this is true then the cost to Molson's of the 12 pack that they supply to the retirees is about $5.78. the cost of a Molson's 12 pack to the general public varies across Canadian provinces, from a high of up to $24.95 in some outlets in Alberta (where privatization was supposed to work its magic via competition and reduce prices) to a low of $19.25 here in Manitoba. As I wish to be kind and generous to the poor suffering, ill fed managers of the Molson Corporation I will take the price here in Manitoba, the lowest in the country, for the following calculations. Here in Manitoba the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission (MLCC) applies the following markups to domestic beer: $0.122 per liter and 75%. With good old high school algebra this works out to a buying price of $10.71 paid to Molson's. Before you get too frothy and libertarian about the evil government monopoly consider that 75% is less than the 85% profit margin that Molson's makes from selling its beer at the lowest price in Canada. Also note that in places such as Alberta where the sacred god of competition rules that prices are higher and that the profit margin is also higher.
Now there are a great many businesses who would think they had died and gone to heaven if their profit margin was 85%, let alone if they were able to swing a half billion dollar corporate acquisition. So think of the guys in Newfoundland the next time you choose what beer to buy.

CANADIAN ANARCHIST MOVEMENT-EDMONTON:
THE EDMONTON ANARCHIST BOOKFAIR:
Less than a week to go until the Edmonton Anarchist Bookfair, beginning Friday, Oct. 2. Here's the promo from their website.
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Welcome to Edmonton!
A city where the most dangerous weapon to those in power is knowledge, ideas and discussion. Anarchism draws on all of these things to advocate that we need not be content with the status quo, that positive change is possible, that we need not be slaves to economic or political masters. From this comes the concept of the Anarchist Bookfair, a place where knowledge and ideas are made available, especially those one might not encounter every day.
Learn, Share, Connect!
Since 2002 the Edmonton Anarchist Bookfair has provided the public with the opportunity to share ideas and connect with others over a free three-day event. Each year upwards of 1000 people are able to access radical books, see independent documentaries and participate in skill-share workshops. The event attracts vendors, speakers and participants from all over Western Canada and USA. We received very positive full-page articles in both of Edmonton's mainstream newspapers, reviews of our feature film presentation in both arts weekly magazines, and multiple interviews on independent radio stations.
Bookfair 2009
This year's Anarchist Bookfair will be taking place October 2-4, 2009 at the Edmonton Ukrainian Center (map and address). We're looking forward to seeing you there!
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This year the keynote speaker will be Victoria law, author of 'Resistance Behind Bars:The Struggles of Incarcerated Women'. Here's the promo. Drop by the website for more news as the time draws even nearer.
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Latest News
The keynote speaker for 2009's Edmonton Anarchist Bookfair is Victoria Law, an activist and author of Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women.

She will be talking about the issues faced by incarcerated women in Canada and the US, as well as women's resistance and organizing in prison. She will also facilitate a discussion on how people on the outside can support women in prison.

She will be speaking Friday October 2nd at 7 pm at the Ukrainian Hall (11018-97 Street, Edmonton).2009-09-07

CANADIAN ANARCHIST MOVEMENT-VANCOUVER:
MORE OLYMPICS RESISTANCE NEWS:
Seems that there's a lot going on out on the west coast as the dreaded Winter Olympics draw nearer and nearer. Here's the latest news on upcoming events from the Olympics Resistance Network.
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Upcoming ORN events and meetings‏
Upcoming Olympic Resistance Network meetings in Vancouver, Coast Salish Territories (open to all!) as well as events and activities organized by others that we are participating in (including in Seattle and Edmonton -check us out if you are there!) ***
Upcoming ORN meetings
1) Sunday Sep 27, ORN General Meeting 6pm @ Spartacus Books, 684 E. Hastings
2) Monday Sep 28, Youth Education Meeting from 6-8 @ Spartacus Books, 684E. Hastings.
The ORN Education committee is inviting teaching professionals, youth workers, and others connected to youth and youth organizing, to attend this meeting. We plan to present a proposed workshop framework for feedback and development, as well as establish some groundwork for those who are interested in supporting the development and facilitation of youth resistance.
3) Wednesday Sep 30, 2010 Welcoming Committee Meeting from 7-9 pm @ SFU Harbour Centre (515 West Hastings Street), room 1600:
This is the first meeting of a coalition/group to plan a broad-based public mobilization for Feb 12, 2010, the date of opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics. The basis of unity, action plan, and specifics are up to those who choose to participate in the 2010 Welcoming Committee. The goal is to invite a wide range of activists (Indigenous, social justice, labour, environmental, anti-poverty, civil libertarian, community, women’s groups and individuals) to build a broad and accessible protest presence. If you are unable to attend but are interested in being involved, please email us your contact information at 2010welcoming@resist.ca so we can add you to the organizing list.
4) Sunday Oct 11, ORN General Meeting 6pm @ Spartacus Books, 684 E. Hastings If you are interested in ORN, but unable to attend any of these meetings, contact olympicresistance@riseup.net for more information about future meetings and our subcommittees (including outreach, fundraising, legal defence, education, media etc).
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Upcoming Events of Interest:
1) UBC free speaker series on the Olympics from Sep - Dec
2) Panel on Civil Liberties and 2010 Olympics: Mon Sep 28
3) ORN at Edmonton anarchist bookfair: Oct 2-4
4) ORN at Seattle anarchist bookfair: Oct 17-18
5) Legal Observer Trainings: Ongoing workshops
6) Anti Olympic Torch Relay kickoff - Victoria Oct 30th
7) Petition: Yes to Feb 14th Memorial March - No to Olympics!
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"THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN MYTH AND REALITY"
FREE speakers series of Olympic critics and organisers ongoing most Mondays, 5pm, from Sept. 14 - Dec. 7. Hosted by UBC's Green College. Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=133767310558&ref=ts
The speakers begin at 5pm with time for questions (FREE, open to all, no reservations). Optional dinner with speaker at Green College starts at 6:30pm ($12 for students and $16 for non-students; reserve a spot by noon Sundays at 604-822-0912).
Located in the Green College Coach House at 6201 Cecil Green Park Road (north of NW Marine Drive). MAP at www.maps.ubc.ca/?412 . For more info email alissawt@shaw.ca
1. Monday, Sept. 14: "Challenging Olympic industry power and propaganda.” Prof. Helen Lenskjy (Univ. of Toronto). Prof. Lenskyj is an expert on the Olympics and the author of three books on the impact of the Olympic Games.
2. Monday, Sept. 28: “The IOC, Olympic dreams, and the media.” Laura Robinson. Robinson is a freelance journalist and writer working out of Toronto.
3. Monday, Oct. 5: "The hidden 4th pillar of the Olympic Games: privatized profit, socialized debt.” Prof. Chris Shaw (UBC). Prof. Shaw is the author of ‘Five Ring Circus: Myths and Realities of the Olympic Games’ and is along time Games critic.
4. Monday, Oct. 19: “Olympics on unceded Indigenous land.” Gord Hill. Hill is an Indigenous activist, webmaster of no2010.com and a member of the Olympic Resistance Network
5. Monday, Oct.26: "How the Olympics impact the poor and homeless." Laura Track. Track is a lawyer with Pivot Legal Society specializing in housing issues.
6. Monday, Nov. 2: "Olympic security and civil liberties: A lasting legacy." David Eby. Eby is the Acting Executive Director of the BC Civil Liberties Association.
7. Monday, Nov. 16: "The myth of the Green Games." Harjap Grewal and Dustin Johnson. Grewal, Council of Canadians, is a member of No One is Illegal, and the Olympic Resistance Network. Johnson is an Indigenous activist.
8. Monday, Nov. 30: "Understanding the Olympics as part of corporate culture.” Garth Mullins. Mullins is a Vancouver-based social justice activist and member of the Olympic Resistance Network.
9. Dec. 7: “IOC Corruption: Would you take these people home to meet your loved ones?" Andrew Jennings. Mr. Jennings is the author of three books on the IOC.
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The Right to the City: Civil Liberties and the 2010 Olympics
Forum from: Impact on Communities Coalition and the BC Civil Liberties Association Monday, September 28, 2009 from 7:00pm - 9:00pm SFU Harbour Centre - Fletcher Challenge Theater, 515 West Hastings Street David Eby, Executive Director, BCCLA Matt Hern, Writer Stefanie Ratjen, Board Member, IOCC Harsha Walia, Social Activist Alissa Westergard-Thorpe, Olympic Resistance Network Jeff Derksen, SFU professor David Dennis, President-Elect, United Native Nations (UNN) Moderated by Am Johal, Chair, Impact on Communities Coalition
As the 2010 Olympics approach, the possibility of civil liberties violations have been cited by a number of community organizations as a major concern despite assurances from VANOC, government partners and the Integrated Security Unit that rights will be protected. With 16,500 security personnel scheduled to be part of the largest peacetime operation in Canadian history, impacts are already being felt. Ticketing of residents in the inner-city, home and workplace visits of social activists by members of the Integrated Security Unit and a new bylaw passed by the City of Vancouver which places the rights of corporate sponsors ahead of the rights of citizens are only a few of the immediate impacts. This discussion will take a critical view of the policies and framework which have been established and contextualize these processes as part of broader urban development schemes in the inner-city and methods of criminalizing dissent.
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ORN @ Edmonton Anarchist Bookfair
This year's Anarchist Bookfair will be taking place Fri October 2- Sun Oct 4, 2009 at the Edmonton Ukrainian Center (11018-97st). ORN will be tabling on Sat Oct 3rd and Sun Oct 4th and presenting a workshop. Since 2002 the Edmonton Anarchist Bookfair has provided the public with the opportunity to share ideas and connect with others over a free three-day event. Each year upwards of 1000 people are able to access radical books, see independent documentaries and participate in skill-share workshops. The event attracts vendors, speakers and participants from all over Western Canada and USA. We received very positive full-page articles in both of Edmonton's mainstream newspapers,reviews of our feature film presentation in both arts weekly magazines,and multiple interviews on independent radio stations. http://edmontonanarchistbookfair.ca/
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ORN @ Seattle Anarchist Bookfair Seattle Anarchist Book Fair
October 17-18 2009 Underground Events Center 2407 1st Ave(between Battery St & Wall St)Seattle, WA 98121
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Help keep Olympic security honest - become a legal observer!
Upcoming Legal Training Dates are October 11, November 22 and December 6, all at 2:30 p.m. All workshops should be held at the Britannia Community Centre on Commercial Drive (Canucks Family Education Centre). You can register by emailing info@bccla.org .
For more information check out
Taking the training does not require you to become a formal BCCLA/Pivot observer. Legal Training Manual available at:
Pivot Legal Society and the BC Civil Liberties Association have teamed up to train legal observers for the 2010 Olympic Games, and we hope you will get involved! Like many of you, Pivot and the BCCLA are concerned that when the more than 7,000 police officers, 5,000 private security guards and 4,500 members of the Canadian armed forces arrive in Vancouver this February,their presence may get in the way of citizens’ constitutional rights to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. Bylaws recently passed by the City of Vancouver suggest that we have good reason to be worried. We plan to be ready, with dozens of people prepared to act as eyes and ears on the streets. Legal observers will be trained to watch for violations and to document and report them. As a legal observer, you will help ensure accountability of law enforcement during the Olympic Games. You don’t need to have any legal background to get involved. We encourage you to sign up for a training session and find out more about what’s involved in being a legal observer. Thank-you, as always, for your ongoing support! The Pivot team
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HALLOWEEN Convergence - October 30-31,
Victoria BC Olympic Torch Relay - Coast Salish Territory Get ready for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to share the spotlight with the world's biggest circus of misspent public resources! Deliver a message to the world for justice and equality in Canada! Exercise our right to free speech and free association in the face of a police clampdown and come PARTY on Halloween! Ninjas, zombies, pirates, and superheroes welcome! Plan your own surprise party! The official 2010 Olympic Torch Relay begins Friday morning, October 30, in downtown Victoria. On October 31, the relay goes through Sooke, Metchosin, Langford and beyond. Stay tuned for event announcements. Media convergence organizing is underway. Everyone welcome! Canada is a Free Speech Zone! View the relay route on an interactive map here:
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Yes to Feb 14th Memorial March - No to Olympics!
A petition and campaign has been initiated by the DTES Power of Women group against the City of Vancouver, VANOC, RCMP, and VPD in their attempts to change next year's historic and sacred Feb 14 March for Murdered and Missing Women in order to ensure the flow of Olympic traffic down Hastings Street. The Power of Women group is based in the DTES neighbourhood and its membership is composed entirely of women living in poverty who have experienced and survived sexual violence and mental, physical, spiritual,and emotional abuse. Please sign the online petition
Text of petition:
It has been brought to our attention that the City of Vancouver, Olympic officials, and the Vancouver 2010 Integrated Security Unit are trying to change the historic Feb 14, 2010, March for Murdered and Missing Women in order to ensure the flow of Olympic traffic down Hastings Street. As residents of the DTES and supporters of the Memorial March, we completely oppose any change in date, time, or route of the Memorial March. This March has been happening for 18 years to honour our sisters who die each year due to the violence of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual abuse. It is something far more significant and sacred than the Olympic Games, which has already increased poverty, homelessness, and policing in our neighbourhood. The government is spending billions on a circus, while putting people aside. We, the women in the Downtown Eastside and our supporters, demand that:
There be no attempts to change or control our Feb 14th Memorial March
Not a single person be forcibly removed, evicted, or displaced from their homes in the Downtown Eastside and any other community due to the Olympics.
For more information or to obtain hard copies of the petition for your organization, contact project@dewc.ca or call 604 681 8480 x 234.
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Olympic Resistance Network: contact -
ABOUT THE OLYMPIC RESISTANCE NETWORK
The Olympic Resistance Network is primarily based in Vancouver, Coast Salish Territories and exists as a space to coordinate anti-2010 Olympics efforts. In doing so, we act in solidarity with other communities across 'BC' - particularly indigenous communities who have been defending their land against the onslaught of the Olympics since the bid itself. Our organizing is largely being done under the slogan of "No Olympics on Stolen Native Land," while creating an opportunity for all anti-capitalist, indigenous, anti-poverty, labour, migrant justice, environmental justice, anti-war, and anti-colonial activists to come together to confront this two-week circus and the oppression it represents.

Saturday, September 26, 2009


ANARCHIST THEORY:
'BOURGEOIS' INFLUENCES ON ANARCHISM:
The following was recently published over at the Anarkismo website. To say the least I disagree with the title, even if it was written when the bourgeoisie was actually the ruling class, unlike today when the managers rule, as they have for decades. I also disagree with the attempt to attribute every anti-social quirk of human psychology to some "class" influence. Quite frankly, to misquote a famous Galilean "the idiots ye shall always have with you". the following, however, is valuable for its dissection of tactics that are still popular amongst some anarchists today.
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Bourgeois Influences on Anarchism:
by Luigi Fabbri
This text was originally written by Italian anarchist communist Luigi Fabbri either before or during the First World War. In it he addresses problems he sees as stemming from the stereotyping of anarchism in bourgeois literature and media and the unfortunate feedback effect this was having on some militants practice of anarchism and language. Long a popular pamphlet, the absence of an online version in English has been a lack until now. This English translation is the work of Chaz Bufe who has kindly given permission for its use.Luigi FabbriBourgeois Influences on Anarchism by Luigi Fabbri
Violent Literature and Anarchism
In order to avoid misunderstandings, we first need to clarify our terms. There is no theory of "violent anarchism." Anarchism is a combination of social doctrines which have as a common basis the elimination of coercive, human-over-human authority; and the majority of its partisans repudiate all forms of violence and consider it legitimate only as a form of self-defense. But, as there is no precise line separating defense and offense, and as the concept of defense can be understood in very diverse ways, there appear from time to time violent acts, committed by anarchists as a form of individual rebellion, directed against the lives of heads of state and the representatives of the ruling class.


We'll classify these manifestations of individual violence as "violent anarchism," and this solely for the sake of convenience, not because the name reflects the reality. In fact, all political movements, with no exceptions, have had periods in which violent acts of rebellion were committed in their names-generally when these movements found themselves at a point of extreme opposition to the dominant political or social institutions. At present, the movement which finds itself, or appears to find itself, in the forefront and in absolute opposition to the dominant institutions is anarchism; it's logical then that manifestations of violence against these dominant institutions assume the name and certain 'special characteristics of anarchism.Having said this, I want to make brief note of something which appears to have gone unnoticed: the influence of literature upon manifestations of violent rebellion, and the influence it receives from such acts.





Naturally, I'll leave to one side classic literature, though you'll certainly find justification for political crimes in Cicero, the bible, Shakespeare, Alfieri, and in all the historical works passed from hand to hand in youth. In the stories of Judith in the bible, and Brutus in ancient history, even with Orsini and Agesilao Milano in modem history, one finds a whole series of political crimes for which historians and poets have made at times unjustified apologies.





But I don't want to speak of these crimes, because to do so would carry me too far afield, because it would not be difficult to see in them the play of diverse circumstances which give them diverse characteristics. I only wish to refer to that literature which has a direct and open relation to the type of political act presently characterized as "anarchist."





Since 1880, acts of "violent anarchism" have continually occurred, with the largest number coming in the period 1891-1894, especially in France, Spain, and Italy, I don't know if anyone has noticed, but in precisely this period there flourished, especially in France, sensationalist literature which didn't shrink from glorifying to seventh heaven every violent "anarchist" act, including even the least understandable ,and justifiable; and its language was truly an instigation to propaganda by the deed.





The writers who dedicated themselves to this type of violent literary sport were almost all completely outside of the anarchist movement; writers were extremely rare in whom literary and artistic advocacy coincided with a true and natural theoretical persuasion, to a conscious acceptance of anarchist doctrines. Almost all of them worked in their private and public lives in complete contradiction to the terrible things and ideas they advocated in articles, in novels, in stories, or in poems. It happens with great frequency that one finds very violent "anarchist" declarations in the works of writers who are widely known to belong to parties diametrically opposed to anarchism. Even among those who for a moment appeared to have seriously embraced anarchist ideas, only one or two later maintained that intellectual direction. (The only ones l can recall are Mirbeau and Eekhoud.) The others, after only two or three years, came to support ideas totally contrary to those which they had earlier promoted with such virulence.Ravachol, who even among anarchists is the type of violent rebel who receives the least sympathy, found numerous apologists among the literati, from Mirbeau to Paul Adam, in later years a militaristic mystic, who spoke of the terrible dynamiter in the most paradoxical way possible: "At last," to paraphrase Paul Adam, "in these times of skepticism and baseness a saint has been born to us." But he wasn't a saint like the "saint of Fogazzaro" for whom today Paul Adam might be inclined to write an apology. The most curious thing is that the literary types had a propensity to most approve those acts of rebellion which anarchist militants least approved of because of their extremely obvious antisocial character. ( It might also be noted that of the French "aesthetes" who got caught up in such nonsense none achieved the recognition of 'great writer' by posterity.( Following fashion is an almost certain guarantee of bad art.-Molly )
Who doesn't remember the inhuman expression, esthetically pleasing though it may have been, of Laurent Tailhade (who later became a militaristic nationalist) at a banquet given by "La Plume", the notable Parisian intellectual periodical, during the epidemic of dynamite explosions in 1893? At that banquet for poets and writers, Tailhade, in reference to bombing attacks, spouted the well known phrase; "What matter the victims if the gesture is beautiful?" Needless to say, anarchist militants disapproved of this aesthetic theory of violence in the name of their philosophy and movement; but the phrase was spoken and had its effect.





The nationalist Maurice Barrès, who had written a markedly individualist novel, L'Ennemi des lois ["The Enemy of the Law"], which anarchists circulated as propaganda, wrote an article shortly after the decapitation of Émile Henry (whose act was severely judged by Élisée Reclus) filled with admiration and enthusiasm. I don't dare to reproduce even a small fragment of it because in Italy certain things can't be said, even under the auspices of literary documentation; but whoever wants to satisfy his curiosity can read the "Journal" of Paris, May 28, 1894 and come away fully enlightened on the matter.





In regard to Vaillant, who was an anarchist who threw a bomb in the French parliament, we can't forget what was written the day after his execution by François Coppée, the celebrated nationalist poet, an ally and candidate of the clerics: "After having read the details of the decapitation of Vaillant, I have remained pensive ... Despite myself, another spectacle has surged brusquely before my spirit. I've seen a group of men and women pressing one against another in the middle of a circus, under the gaze of the multitude, while from all sides of the immense amphitheater roared the fearful cry: 'To the lions!'; and near the group the lion keepers open the cage of the beasts. Oh! Pardon me sublime Christians of the era of persecution, you who died to affirm our sweet faith of sacrifice and goodness, pardon me that I bring your memory before the melancholy men of our times! ... but in the eyes of the anarchist walking to the guillotine shined, oh pain!, the same flame of intrepid madness which illuminated your eyes!"





Something similar would be said later in regard to assassins by the celebrated psychologist and literatus Henri Leyret in the book En plein faubourg ["On the Outskirts"]. Not much later Leyret gathered in a volume and presented to the public the sentences of the "good judge" Magnaud. I could go much further in reproducing enthusiastic defenses of and apologies for anarchist violence by writers such as Edward Conte, Séverine, [Lucien] Descaves, [Victor] Barrucand, etc.





At the end of 1897 the drama Les Mauvais bergers ["The Bad Shepherds"], by Octave Mirbeau, in which the most violent and revolutionary rhetoric flowed in rivers, was produced in Paris. It was received with great enthusiasm by the intellectuals of that city. As on the eve of the taking of the Bastille, when the sycophant poets and the queen herself, the literati and all the intelligent spirits of the aristocracy and nobility enthused over the brilliant paradoxes of the Encyclopedists, and the fashionable ladies voluntarily lent themselves to reciting the biting satire of Beaumarchais and delighted in the anarchistic fantasies of Rabelais, so the bourgeois intellectuals of our day delight in immersing themselves in poetry and in exaggerating the explosions of anger which at times spring from the profound mysteries of human suffering.Émile Zola himself, after having entered the fray with a warning shot, his Germinal, a gloomy novel of destruction, glorified anarchists in Paris, and even poeticized the figure of Salvat, the dynamiter, in whose character it's easy to recognize - painted as even more violent than he actually was - Vaillant. Read Melée Sociale, by Clemenceau, Pages Rouges, by Séverine, Sous le sabre, by Jean Ajalbert, Soleil des Morts, by Mauclair, Chanson des Gueux and Les Blasphèmes, by Jean Richepin, and Idylles Diaboliques, by Adolphe Retté; leaf through aristocratic literary magazines like "Mercure de France", "La Plume", "La Revue blanche", "Entretiens politiques et littéraires" and you'll find, in prose or poetry, in art criticism as in theater and book reviews, literary expressions of such violence that you'd never find them in actual anarchist magazines, just as you'd never hear them on the lips of actual anarchists.





It's understandable that the literati came to voice expressions in such contradiction to their actual beliefs. The artist searches for beauty over usefulness in an attitude; because of this approach that which the social anarchist can understand but not approve arouses enthusiasm in the poet or writer. The act of rebellion for which complete account of its effects is not taken is morally condemnable like any other act of cruelty, even though committed with the best of intentions; the act of a surgeon who cuts off a leg when only the amputation of a toe is necessary would be similarly reprehensible. But these types of social and humane considerations, these distinctions, are scorned by individuals who love rebellion not for its objectives, but for its own sake and for its esthetic beauty. ( NB-Molly )





These individuals are above all artists and writers educated in the school of Nietzsche (who was never an anarchist) who look upon all actions, however tragic or sublime they might be, solely from an esthetic point of view and disregard concepts such as good and bad, useful and harmful.





Of anarchist thought they've glimpsed nothing beyond individual emancipation; they've neglected the social problem, that is, the humanitarian side of anarchism. In that way they've come to conceive of an implacable "anarchy" in which one can worship an Émile Henry, but along with him a Passatore, a Nero, or an Ezzelino da Romano. It should be understood that acts by such individuals have importance solely because prose and poetry, drama or the novel, the pen or the brush, find in them a source of beauty and form. It's well known how much the love of a beautiful phrase, an original expression or a vibrant verse can falsify and deform the innate and true thoughts of a writer. Leopardi, who poetically cried: "To arms, take them up here," was in practice little disposed and had little aptitude to actually take them up. like Paul Adam he would have called anyone crazy who would have asked him in seriousness if he approved of the cold-blooded murder of a hermit by Ravachol (whom, however, he qualified as a "saint").





In the appreciation of a deed the esthetic element is completely different than the social and political element. Well then, to a doctrine (anarchism) which is based in scientific reasoning and which is eminently socio-political, they erroneously attribute that paradoxical esthetic which is solely and purely applicable to poetry and art. In all theories of renovation and revolution art and poetry are certainly factors of very secondary importance, and never, absolutely never, should they impose themselves on or have the right to guide individual or collective action solely for the sake of esthetic effects.





Independently of the inherent worth of an idea, art seizes it and embellishes it at whim, even at the risk of totally altering it in search of new forms of expression. It's the fate of all new and audacious ideas - which, by their nature, lend themselves to artistic fantasy. The history of literature is proof that art is by nature rebellious and innovative. All the poets, all the novelists, all the dramatists, were originally rebels, even though they later exchanged their bohemian garb for the frock of the academic or the courtesan.





But, returning to the subject, I'll repeat that there is minimal or no relation, outside of certain expressions and artistic forms, between the social anarchist movement with its sociologic and political bases and the flourishing of "anarchist" literature; and you'll find the proof in that anarchist militants are frequently scientists and philosophers, and only in rare cases writers and poets. [This is certainly not the case today.] As we have seen, apologists for anarchist violence have often been political reactionaries. And notwithstanding the fact that for a moment they call themselves anarchists, sooner or later they'll return to another camp and become nationalists like Paul Adam, militarists like Tailhade, or socialists like Mauclair.





If it's true that art is the expression of life in a pleasing form, present day literature, so saturated with the anarchist spirit, is a consequence of the social situation in which we find ourselves and of the rebellious period in which we live.





But in their turn certain types of violent "anarchist" literature exercise an influence upon the movement which we cannot neglect to examine. The paradoxical esthetics of this literature have had enormous repercussions in the anarchist world in that they have contributed much to the occultation of the socialist and humanitarian aspects of anarchism and have also influenced not a little the development of the terrorist tendency.





But let this be understood: I'm dealing with something specific, and I do not pretend that we should put the brakes on art and literature even with the goal of defending society or of improving the course of the revolutionary movement.





Let me recall an incident. When Émile Henry threw a bomb into a cafe in 1894, almost all of the anarchists I then knew realized that it was an illogical and uselessly cruel act, and they didn't hide their disgust and disapproval of it. But during the course of his trial Henry gave his celebrated self-defense, which is a true literary jewel -admitted even by Lombroso himself [Cesare Lombroso, a reactionary criminologist] - and after his decapitation so many non-anarchist writers praised the executed man, his logic and his ingenuity, that the opinion of the anarchists changed (generally, at any rate), and Henry's act found apologists and imitators. As can be seen, the literary esthetic in the end ignored the social aspect, or, more accurately, the antisocial aspect, of the act, and the actual anarchist doctrine had nothing to be thankful for in the slight service lent it by literature.





This type of literature is the best terrorist propaganda, a propaganda for which one would search in vain, in any of the publications, books, pamphlets and periodicals which are the true expression of the anarchist movement. Who doesn't remember, to cite just one more case, the magnificent article by Rastignac about Angiolillo (published in the conservative "Tribuna" in Rome)? Despite the fact that the author in this case stated many truths, to these he added many misconceptions, and Errico Malatesta, who is commonly thought to be one of the most violent anarchists, but in reality is one of the most calm and reasonable, entered the fray to combat these mistaken ideas. Due to the influence of this type of violent literature, and for no other reason, there was no lack of a person to put in practice one of the most violent invectives written by the poet Rapisardi after it was printed in several issues of the terrorist periodical "Pensiero e Dinamite" [Thought and Dynamite]; and this person was a cultured and comfortable Sicilian youth who suffered 12 years in prison because of it. What a waste.





Certainly Rastignac, like Rapisardi, could protest, and have reason to, against accusations of complicity, even though indirect. But this doesn't contradict my claim that literary and artistic suggestion can be - and I'm not the first to say this - the determinant not only of certain already accomplished acts, but also of the mental direction of "anarchist" terrorists who have never appreciated the inductions of Reclus or Kropotkin, or the skeletal but humanitarian logic of Malatesta.
Bourgeois Influences on Anarchism
We said in the preceding chapter that bourgeois literature, that literature which finds in anarchism reason for a new and violent esthetic attitude, undoubtedly contributes to producing an individualist and antisocial mentality in anarchists.





The literati and artists, without bothering to consider whether it can be applied to everyday life, have found an element of beauty in the acts of individuals who, with the power of their intelligence and with sovereign disregard for their own lives and the lives of others, put themselves, with a violent act of rebellion, outside the common run of humanity. For these artists and writers, the beauty of the gesture takes the place of social utility, with which they don't concern themselves. So, they've idealized the figure of the anarchist dynamiter because even in its most tragic manifestations it presents undeniable characteristics of originality and attractiveness. This literary and artistic idealization has exercised its influence among many anarchists, who, for lack of knowledge, or unfamiliarity with reason and logic, or by temperament, have taken it as propagation of ideas even though it's nothing more than an artistic manifestation.





In certain anarchist circles, the most impulsive and the least knowledgeable, it has not been understood that these writers, who seem to compete in emitting the most extravagant paradoxes, have no doctrinal or theoretical anarchist convictions. They make apologies for Ravachol and Émile Henry in the same manner that in other times they would have made apologies for highway robbers. There can be no doubt that the bandit who assaults and kills a traveler provides a more useful literary subject than the petty thief or the pickpocket in the streets; the first can provide the subject for a drama or novel, while the second solely lends itself to comedy or farce. No sane individual, however, can deny that the ambushing bandit is a thousand times worse than the petty thief.





These literary poseurs, perhaps without intending it, offend fallen anarchists even in the eulogies they make to them, because their eulogies draw their force and motive precisely from that which, according to anarchist principles, is painful and deplorable even though perhaps a historical necessity. The bourgeois mentality sees in them [anarchist terrorists] an attitude which later diffuses in the anarchist milieu and tends to form a [bourgeois] mentality there like itself.





Similarly, among the bourgeoisie you'll find more forgiveness for the murderer who takes a life from the human community than for the thief who, in the last analysis, takes nothing from the vital patrimony of society, but simply changes the place and ownership of things. Equally, changing the terms and setting aside injurious comparisons, there are some anarchists who value those who kill in a moment of violent rebellion much more than they value the obscure militant who through a life of constant work produces much more radical changes in consciousness and in events.





I'll repeat what I've said at other times: anarchists aren't Tolstoyans - they recognize that violence (which is always an ugly thing, be it individual or collective) is frequently necessary, and that no one should condemn those who have sacrificed their lives to this necessity. But we're not dealing with this, but with the tendency, derived from bourgeois influences, of ignoring goals and making actions the primordial preoccupation.





According to my understanding, those anarchists who place an overriding importance on acts of rebellion are perhaps revolutionaries and anarchists, but they're much more revolutionary than they are anarchist. I've known many anarchists who bother themselves little or not at all with anarchist theory and don't even try to learn about it, but are flaming revolutionaries whose critiques and propaganda have no end other than the revolutionary, that of rebellion for rebellion's sake. And ' the more fiery and the more intransigent they are, the sooner they abandon our camp and cross to that of the law-based and authoritarian parties-their faith in a rapidly approaching revolution evaporates through contact with reality and their energy is dissipated in far too violent conflicts in their social surroundings.





The influence of bourgeois ideology upon these individuals is undeniable. The maximal importance conceded to an act of violence or rebellion is the daughter of the maximal importance conceded by bourgeois political doctrine to a few "great men" in comparison with that conceded to society as a whole. And this pernicious influence annihilates in many anarchists the sense of relativity through which we accord everything its actual importance, so that no revolutionary method will be discarded a priori, but each will be considered in relation to the desired end without confusing its special character, functions and effects.





We have then determined two forms of bourgeois influence on anarchism: one which shows itself in the great importance attached to revolutionary acts rather than to the goals such acts ought to have; the other is that of decadent bourgeois literature of recent times which idealizes the most antisocial forms of individual rebellion. There is very little separation between these two forms, and because of this I have not been able to consider them separately.





The bourgeoisie have exercised an extraordinary influence upon anarchism when it has taken upon itself the mission of producing anarchist propaganda. While it appears a paradox, it's true that much anarchist propaganda has been produced by the bourgeoisie. Unfortunately, though, what they've produced has been totally useless to the spread of truly libertarian ideas; but that doesn't alter the fact that they have zealously desired to attribute to the entire anarchist movement the effects of this spurious propaganda.





In times of the worst persecution of anarchists, it happens that all of the marginalized people of present day society, and among them many criminals, come to seriously believe that anarchy is as described in bourgeois papers, that is, something very well adapted to their antisocial habits. Though for different reasons, it's a fact that these individuals find themselves, like anarchists, in a state of continuous rebellion against constituted authority; that gives rise to this mistaken perception and encourages it. In jail and in forced exile we've come in contact many times with common criminals who call themselves anarchists, without, naturally, having ever read a single anarchist periodical or pamphlet, and having never heard anarchy spoken of outside of the bourgeois press.





And so they believe that anarchy is precisely that which is described in the most condemnatory reactionary periodicals, and as such they approve or disapprove of it. Think about it-to those who approve, the type of anarchy that would have to be! I recall knowing a man in jail convicted of · common crimes, an intelligent forger and a poet to boot, who seriously believed himself to be an anarchist and said so to his judges. One of these asked him how he managed to justify his crimes in light of the ideas he claimed to profess. He responded: "That which you call crime is a principle of anarchy. When all men deliver themselves to unbridled delinquency (these are his exact words), then will come or will be anarchy." As can be seen, he embraced anarchy, but in the sense given in bourgeois dictionaries, in the sense of disorder, confusion, chaos.
This bourgeois propaganda also has its effects even among those who want nothing to do with anarchists. In the holding tanks in Naples I encountered some camorristas [members of the Neapolitan mafia] who believed that the anarchists truly constituted a society of evil-doers, and, as such, were worthy of being at the side of the "honorable society of the camorra." In Tremiti, that city of exile, I was told of a modest banquet of anarchists and socialists to which two or three camorristas were invited - the only nonpolitical exiles on the island - out of simple human decency having nothing to do with politics; and when they arrived at the toast, and to great surprise, one of the camorristas raised his cup to the union of "the three parties: camorra, anarchists, and socialists" - against the government!





The toast was received with uproarious laughter, as it's commonly known that the camorra easily allies itself with the government and against the socialists and anarchists. But this shows us how the mentality of common criminals has come to accept as true anarchy that which is circulated by papers on the take from the police. This treacherous propaganda explains why in the period 1889 to 1894 we have seen so many instances in which thieves and common forgers have declared themselves anarchists, giving their acts a pseudo-political gloss. They read that anarchy was the ideal of thieves of murderers and they said to themselves: "I'm a thief, therefore, I'm an anarchist."





This also explains the fact, which so impressed Lombroso, that many common criminals declare themselves anarchists upon being incarcerated - but not before, note it well. When they feel the heel of authority on their backs, they think of the anarchists, who in their minds are the most terrible criminals due to their hatred of authority, and when they enter their cells they grab the first nail which falls into their hands and write on the wall, "the paper of delinquents", "Viva l'anarchia!"





But this phenomenon doesn't last long. They soon realize that by calling themselves anarchists they run a greater risk than they run robbing and murdering, that the anarchist gloss influences the tribunals to increase their punishment without diminishing the antipathy their acts arouse. Additionally, they've found in the majority of anarchists a glacial indifference and an extraordinary distrust toward their improvised conversations about "the idea" - when someone or other doesn't thump them; and then they quit calling themselves anarchists.





Traces of this bourgeois propaganda, however, persist among actual anarchists. Some have taken the sophisms of some genial delinquent seriously and have ended up theorizing about the legitimacy of theft or of counterfeiting money. Others have gone in search of extenuating circumstances, talking of "robbery for the purpose of propaganda," thus producing the phenomena of Pini and Ravachol. These two were sincere men, but for this were no less victims of the sophistry which is the offspring of the perverse propaganda of the periodicals and of bourgeois calumny. The exception has never been the rule, because those anarchists who in good faith accepted the idea of robbery, were never in practice capable of stealing so much as a needle; while those who truly engaged in robbery guarded themselves well from doing it "for propaganda" and soon quit calling themselves anarchists - and continued being ordinary thieves.




This tendency has been disappearing among anarchists. But above all it shows what was possible due to an influence completely bourgeois in origin - an influence brought about by a campaign of lies and persecution against anarchists. "The anarchists," they say, "want to snatch property from those who possess it, and for that reason, anarchists are thieves."





It's not surprising, then, that some who call or believe themselves anarchists - above all those who have only heard anarchism spoken of by those who defame it - I repeat, it's not surprising that some, especially uneducated or impulsive individuals, or those deficient in reasoning capacity, have believed and admitted all the absurdities propagated about anarchism. But who can deny that if they're deceiving themselves, that the responsibility lies with the bad faith of the bourgeoisie, given that there is nothing in anarchist doctrines or programs that can justify such aberrations and deviations? In the end we'd say that it appears an exaggeration, even to those who have never lived in the anarchist ambient, that many would become anarchists due to the misleading propaganda from bourgeois writers and journalists.





The minds of men, especially of the young, thirsting for the mysterious and extraordinary, allow themselves to be easily dragged by the passion for the new toward that which, when coolly examined in the calm which follows initial enthusiasm, is absolutely and definitively repudiated. This fever for new things, this audacious spirit, this zeal for the extraordinary has brought to the anarchist ranks the most exaggeratedly impressionable types, and at the same time, the most empty headed and frivolous types, persons who are not repelled by the absurd, but who, on the contrary, engage in it. They are attracted to projects and ideas precisely because they are absurd, and so anarchism comes to be known precisely for the illogical character and ridiculousness which ignorance and bourgeois calumny have attributed to anarchist doctrines.These persons are the elements who contribute most to discrediting the anarchist ideal, because from this ideal they extrapolate an infinity of false and ridiculous ramifications, gross errors, deviations and degenerations, believing that, on the contrary, they're defending "pure" anarchism. These individuals hardly enter the world of anarchism when they realize that anarchism as conceived by anarchist philosophers, economists, and sociologists is very different that that which they believe in and learned to love through reading the deceptive writings of bourgeois writers. They discover that the movement follows a course far different than they had imagined; in short, they observe that they have before them an idea, a program which is completely organic, coherent, positive and possible - because it was conceived with the appreciation of the relativity of things, without which life becomes impossible. The serious, positive, and logical character of anarchism irritates them, and they find quick comfort by joining that amorphous mass which doesn't know what it wants or what it thinks, but is relentless in demolishing and discrediting everything serious and good that others do, and in employing the abusive and authoritarian language proper to its temperament and the bourgeois origin of its mental state.





And even when their ideas and critiques are originally justified, they exaggerate and deform them in such a manner that a declared enemy could not do worse. They're like those who see that the bakers are badly baking bread and then maintain that it's necessary to destroy the ovens, or those who become convinced that a piece of arid ground needs water and then undertake to flood it with a river. ( Oh how similar to today with such American creations as 'primitivism' and 'post-anarchism'-Molly )





None of these individuals would have come to our camp but for the attraction exercised upon them by phony, bourgeois "anarchist" propaganda. The entire bourgeois campaign of invective, calumny and pure invention acts as a mirror for all of these marginalized types - marginalized intellectually, materially, psychologically, and physiologically - who always align themselves with the absurd, the unusual, the terrible, and the illogical.





To be convinced of this, it suffices to have the patience to leaf through collections of two or three of the most respectable, officially acceptable periodicals of 15 or 20 years ago. It suffices, likewise, to leaf through all of the occasional literature from that period which refers to anarchists and anarchism and is not of anarchist origin, but instead emanates from bourgeois, police, and even supposedly scientific circles. Magazines and newspapers, conservative and democratic, have invented and spoken a thousand vicious lies about us.





Who doesn't remember I misteri dell'Anarchia ["Mysteries of Anarchy"], written by an unscrupulous hack? There is no unbelievable story not attributed to anarchists, be it in novels, books magazines, or prestigious newspapers. The desire to satisfy the public appetite for new and strange things brings novelists, journalists, and pseudo-scientists to invent a whirlwind of a thousand demons, and to frequently attribute to anarchists, with full knowledge of the damage this causes, greater strength than really exists - incredibly inflated numbers, and means and methods anarchists have never had in their hands. If this does, from a certain point of view, attract the most unconscious type of sympathizer, it also gives a gloss of veracity to all of the ridiculous ideas and all of the cruel intentions attributed to anarchists. In the end, Mysteries of Anarchy appeared a true history to the minds of many.





Because of the fantastic way in which bourgeois writers and journalists present the anarchist movement, it frequently occurs that after something happens which was interesting and worthwhile, or at least could elicit some admiration, there frequently follow many morbid fantasies; and a lot of crazies, a lot of losers in the social struggle, become attracted to anarchism in a manner similar to that in which at certain places and in certain primitive mentalities the figure of a Tiburzi or a Mussolino, renowned bandits, become attractive because of their at times imaginary acts. The victims most tormented by social injustice can easily be brought to approve, through reaction and revenge, of the bellicose and bloody character bourgeois writers assign to the anarchist.





How many times those "converted" by the bourgeois press have come to me and asked what they have to do to be admitted to the "sect," and if they'll encounter any difficulty presenting themselves to the "society of anarchists"! And when I ask them what they believe anarchists are, they respond: "Those who desire to kill the rich and those who rule in order to distribute their wealth and rule so that everyone will have a little." Ah! Certainly they haven't read the pamphlets of Malatesta, nor the books of Kropotkin, nor the writings of Malato; they've simply read the stupidities in the "Tribuna" or in "Osservatore Romano" [official Vatican newspaper].This impressionable psychological state of the dispossessed was very well described by Henry Leyret in a study of the outskirts of Paris. During a period of anarchist terror, according to Leyret, the people of the district felt dragged by the enormously disastrous conditions in which they lived and by the spectacle of the banking scandals, to sympathize with the most violent anarchists. "That which is anarchism, that which is worthwhile, the public knows nothing, or even less, about. Anarchists are considered from a single, special angle, with all of us being compared with Vaillant, who, it's undeniable, arouses a certain sympathy through being guillotined; that brings the public to accept conspiracy theories ... The people delight in a mystery and are more enamored of a person when he appears cloaked in an occult power, in this case attributing to the anarchists a formidable secret organization ... " (Henri Leyret, En plein faubourg, p. 257).





And this mysterious thing which seduced the most miserable people was described as "anarchism" in the popular press, which was filled, in that time as always, with fantastic stories of frightful anarchist meetings, of horrible plots, of codes, of dates, of false and distorted names, and all of this designed to call the attention of the public to anarchism. Perhaps, who knows, from a certain point of view, this might have been for the best because it provoked interest in and discussion about anarchism. But this slight potential benefit - a benefit which, incidentally, could have been obtained by simply telling the truth and presenting the facts, which in themselves are interesting enough - remains neutralized by all of the confusion and distortion of ideas which have been created in the anarchist camp.





It is true that those who come to us attracted by the clamor of this misleading bourgeois propaganda certainly improve their ideas and throw out much chaff they formerly took for wheat; but it's also true, unfortunately, that due to the temperament which predisposed them to respond to bourgeois propaganda, residues of bourgeois influence remain in them. Among those who take a mistaken mental direction, there are few who know how, or are strong enough, to rectify it.





And so we have those who come to our ranks in the spirit of reprisal, because of the hatred sown in their hearts by misery and hopelessness, who come precisely because they believe that anarchy is the spirit of violent reprisal and vengeance described by the bourgeoisie; and they have refused to accept the true conception of anarchism, that is to say, the negation of violence and the sublimity of love as the foundation of solidarity. To these individuals anarchism has continued to be violence, the bomb, the dagger, through a strange confusion of cause and effect, of means and ends; and so true is this that when Parsons declared that anarchism is not violence, and Malatesta declared that anarchism is not the bomb, almost all of these people took them for renegades. There are many who strongly wish to correct these errors, these vile bourgeois distortions, who remember that anarchism is not the idealization of vengeance, that the revolution the anarchists want is a revolution of love, not of hate, that violence should be considered as a mortal venom which is only employable as a counter-venom imposed by the necessities of the struggle, and not by the desire to cause damage. Those who hold these ideas, even though they are the most selfless, are called vile and cowardly by those whose brains are infected with the bourgeois theory that as an iron law violence should be employed.





Anarchy is the ideal of abolishing the violent and coercive authority of human being over human being in every sphere, be it economic, religious, or political. To be an anarchist it suffices to embrace this idea and in consequence to work as much as possible to propagate the concept that only the direct and revolutionary action of the people can lead to a complete social and economic emancipation. All who nourish these sentiments, who hold these ideas and struggle and spread them are indubitably anarchists, even though their moral sense finds repugnant some or other act of rebellion or vengeance committed by someone who calls himself an anarchist, or even when they're convinced that all acts of individual rebellion are prejudicial to the cause. These individuals can be mistaken in their opinions, but this does not mean that they're not coherent, convinced, and conscious anarchists.





There are, for example, vegetarian anarchists who include in their beliefs vegetarianism; but good god, it would be very strange if these people would maintain that those who are not vegetarians are not true anarchists.( My God, how little things have changed in a century-Molly ) It's equally strange that there are those who maintain that people who do not approve of or feel sympathy for violent individual deeds are not anarchists. Propaganda by the deed can be useful or harmful. but it is not integral to anarchist doctrine; it is simply a method of struggle which can be discussed, admitted in whole or in part, or excluded completely; but it does not constitute an article of faith (to avail myself of a Catholic phrase) without which there is no salvation, without which one cannot be an anarchist. Those who believe the contrary and papally excommunicate others, simply because they don't feel an overriding sympathy for Ravachol or for Émile Henry, are victims of the vile propaganda of the bourgeoisie, upon whose word they actually believe that anarchism is violence. Unfortunately we still have a lot of these myopic intellects in our camp ... But bourgeois influence doesn't end with the question of violence, which has so divided our energies and upon which I've expounded so long because it's so important, and to which I'll return later.





Perhaps someone will recall my polemic with our friend Zavattero about the family and love in future society. I noted then that among many anarchists there is a deplorable tendency to accept as their own theory everything, or at least much, that the bourgeoisie have invented in order to combat anarchism. We've already seen how this has occurred with the question of violence. It has occurred equally with the question of sexual relations.





In order to discredit us, bourgeois writers, using as a pretext our criticism of the present day family's authoritarian nature and the domination of women by men, have deduced that we want the abolition of the family, and, because of that, that we want women in common, promiscuity, children without known fathers, incestuous relations, sexual violence, and everything else that is the most savage, and at the same time, the most ridiculous thing imaginable. In reality, anarchist doctrine, from the first, has done nothing other than urge the purification of affections from all intrusions and foreign sanctions, be these legislative or clerical, political or religious; and along with this, the emancipation of women, their being free and equal to men, and the freedom to love without the coercion of economic necessity or any other authority external to love itself-in a word, the redemption of the family, restored to its natural bases: reciprocal love and the freedom to choose.





I don't want to say that this healthy concept of love and the family has been repudiated by anarchists. I don't want to accept the brutal, vilifying bourgeois concept - totally the opposite.
But this bourgeois calumny still exercises a certain influence. Even though the immense majority of anarchists hold to true concept of free love based upon the free union, we haven't lacked from time to time those who, knowing the bourgeois critiques, have confused freedom to love with promiscuity.





Even though it's disguised, this amorphous theory of love has a bourgeois origin. It's a consequence of the mania of many revolutionaries who embrace as optimal that which conservatives battle with horror, even though the conservatives attribute these things to us for destructive ends.





The same thing has happened in regard to organization. Anarchists have always maintained that life is not possible without association and solidarity, and that struggle and revolution are not possible without a pre-existing organization of revolutionaries. But it's more convenient for bourgeois writers to paint us as promoters of anarchy in the sense of confusion, chaos; and they commence to say that we're agents of chaos, enemies of all organization. And with that they disinter Nietzsche and then Stirner. Many anarchists swallow the bait and in seriousness become promoters of chaos, Stirnerites, Nietzscheans, and other similar absurdities. They reject organization, solidarity, and socialism; some even end up sanctifying private property, and in this manner end up playing the game of the bourgeois individualist. Their ideas become, to use the phrase of Filippo Turati, the exaggeration of bourgeois individualism.





The origin of this mania to accept as good everything which our enemies believe bad can be found in every human spirit - contradiction and contrast: "My enemy believes that this is bad, but as my enemy is never right, that which he believes bad is, on the contrary, an excellent thing." There are many more than we would think, especially among revolutionaries, who make this equation, which by chance can be correct at times, but which in itself is extremely misleading.





"Ah! You call us evildoers? Well then, yes, we are evildoers!" How many times this phrase has slithered from the lips of some anarchists - they even have a "hymn of the evildoers." To a degree this can pass and even appear as a beautiful gesture of defiance to the enemy. But one cannot admit in seriousness that anarchists are evildoers... But on the contrary, by force of repeating this paradox, some end up taking it as demonstrated truth. "Quod erat demostrandum!" then triumphantly exclaim the bourgeoisie, who, after calling us thieves, arsonists, enemies of the family, and evildoers, hear with satisfaction the exclamation of this paradox, even though it's only a gesture of defiance. It's necessary, then, to avoid this and not to become too enamored of paradoxes.





We would do better to seek what pleases us independently of what our enemies do. What is best for us to do is to propagate our ideas without considering whether the bourgeoisie agree or disagree with us.





To sum up, we should ensure that our movement travels its own road, independent of the direct or indirect influence of bourgeois calumny and ideology, independently, be it in the positive or negative sense, of the conduct of the conservatives. And we'll be doing revolutionary and eminently libertarian work, in that libertarian theory shows us that we should emancipate ourselves socially and individually of all influences which do not derive from and do not respond directly to our own interests, to our liberty, and to our desires.





Anarchists and the Use of Violence
We'll quickly discuss the verbal "violence" currently much in vogue among revolutionary factions, especially that type of verbal abuse which has the demerit of wasting and deforming ideas, of dividing people and sowing rancor, of throwing up fences between those who, it would seem, would otherwise be in accord. This violent-sounding propaganda and polemic is more painful that the cut of a knife when it's used against comrades; and when it's used against opponents it has precisely the opposite effect of that intended. It causes the public to be alienated from our ideas and erects a wall which separates us and which reduces us to being eternal dreamers.





I'll now occupy myself with the question of violence - not only of the verbal variety - in relation to anarchism and the revolutionary struggle against the bourgeoisie and the state.




Speaking of the verbal degeneration of one sector of anarchism (or what passes for anarchism) under the influence of the bourgeoisie which influences certain suffering spirits to accept everything the bourgeoisie wish believed about anarchism - I have reason to repeat that which I've stated in many other places and which I'll never tire of repeating: Anarchy is the negation of violence, and its final object is peace among human beings. If I haven't employed exactly these words in other places, the sentiment is identical.





Anarchy is the negation of authority, inasmuch as it's possible to eliminate it in human society. An anarchic society will only be possible when no person will be able to, or have the means to, make any other . person, except through persuasion, do what they do not want to do. We can't foresee if the elimination of moral authority will also be possible in the near future. Perhaps it's not possible that it will totally disappear, and I don't even know if it's desirable that it totally disappear - but it will certainly diminish in proportion to the importance and elevation of individual conscience in every sector of society.





There is a certain authority which comes from experience or from science which it is not possible to dismiss and which it would be crazy to dismiss, just as it would be crazy for a sick person to rebel against medical authority's methods of curing illness, for a bricklayer not to follow the architect's plans in building a house, or for a mariner not to follow the pilot's instructions in navigating a ship. The sick person, the bricklayer, and the mariner voluntarily obey the doctor, the architect, and the pilot because they have freely accepted technical direction from them. Well then, when a society is established in which there are no forms of authority other than those of technique, science, and moral influence, no one could deny that it's an anarchist society.





We're not playing with words. I intend to speak of actual violence, that of material force used against a person or persons violating or reducing their freedom, against their will(s) and causing damage or pain - or simply the threat to use such force. It can't be said that we'll ever secure perfect anarchy and perfect social peace - since nothing in this world is perfect - but it's undeniable that the absence of coercive violence is the sine qua non for anarchist social organization.





Naturally then, violence would only be possible and necessary as a form of self-defense against antisocial violence outside of the freely accepted social pact, violence intended to violate the liberty and the tranquility of the people. The suspicious and those who turn a deaf ear to the term "social pact" will cry to high heaven - as if we social anarchists want to establish a state or an obligatory system of living for everyone. This is totally mistaken. Errico Malatesta, in his pamphlet Fra Contadini ["Between Peasants"] outlined the question in the following terms:"In these matters," said George, one of the characters in the dialogue, "what we want to do by means of force is to put in common ownership the primary materials of the soil, the instruments of labor, buildings, and all existing riches. Regarding the means of organizing production and distributing products, the people will do what they want... One can foresee almost with certainty that in some places communism will be established, in others collectivism, in others perhaps different systems; and later, when the results of the various systems have been seen and weighed, that which appears best will be commonly adopted. What is essential is that no one attempts to command the rest, nor appropriates to themselves the land and the means of production. We must be alert to this in order to impede it if it starts to occur..." And to the questions of what we would do if someone opposed that which the rest had agreed to be in the common interest, or if some violated the liberties of others with force, or if some refuse to work and prejudice the interests of the rest, Malatesta responds:





"In the worst cases... if there were those who didn't want to work, we would be reduced to throwing them out of the community while giving them the materials and tools necessary for them to work separately ... Then (when someone would attempt to violate the liberty of others) naturally it would be necessary to resort to force, given that if it's unjust for the majority to oppress the minority, neither is the contrary just; as minorities have the right to insurrection, majorities have the right to self-defense..." In these cases individual liberty is not ignored because "always and in all areas human beings will have the undeniable right to materials and tools of work," which enable them, of course to separate. It should be understood that the same reasoning is valid for minorities, who will always have the right to rebel against a majority which would wish to violate their desires and freedom, since if this occurred anarchy would exist only in name, not in fact. But even in this case we would be dealing with defensive, not offensive, violence, the necessity of which would demonstrate, in the final analysis, that anarchy had not yet triumphed.





I hold, in reference to a future libertarian and socialist society, that the minimum possible amount of violence should be used, and then only for defensive purposes, never for offensive purposes. I'm speaking of violence directed against human beings, given that the struggle for life will always contain a certain amount of violence, directed, if not against human beings, certainly against the blind forces of nature. As Gauthier, Kropotkin, Lannesan and others have shown, the struggle for life between men should be supplanted by association, by mutual aid, by the struggle against nature, in order that we obtain the maximum amount of well being possible.





In regard to the past, it will be necessary to make a complete historical study to determine which instances of social violence have been beneficial and which have been noxious, which have been useful and which have been harmful to human welfare and progress. Many wars certainly appear to have had beneficial effects, even though war in itself is an evil thing. But one could, by studying them well, also discover their harmful effects. given that historical events cannot be absolutely divided between good and evil, between useful and damaging. But we'll leave to one side the past, upon which my opinion, in general, is that the most useful instances of social violence have been overwhelmingly those of the various revolutions against tyrannies which have politically and economically oppressed their peoples.





No one has yet put in doubt the utility of certain instances of individual and collective violence from Harmodius or Felice Orsini, from the rebellion of Spartacus - even though plagued by lootings - to the infinite twists and turns of the great French Revolution. But, I repeat, we'll leave the past because what concerns us is the present, and especially that which concerns anarchism.So, for instance, can it be said that today violence in the struggle is always condemnable?





Certainly not. A newspaper in Rome which asked me about this matter obtained the response - which they chose not to print - that we do not deliberately choose violence for love of violence itself, but because particular conditions of the struggle force us to employ it. In present day society, violence is everywhere and we absorb its influence and provocation through every pore; and we frequently must devour in order to avoid being devoured.





This is certainly a painful thing which contradicts our anarchist sentiments. But what can we do? We do not yet have the power to choose certain forms of social life over others, to choose the types of human relations most in harmony with our ideas. From the moment in which we do not wish to be only a school of philosophical discussion, but also a revolutionary movement, we must employ the methods demanded of us by the situation and which our adversaries actions influence us to use, methods which they themselves employ.





In this sense we can say that anarchists and revolutionaries find themselves in a legitimate state of defense in their rebellion against oppression and exploitation. The oppressed and exploited are never the first to employ violence, because the original violence comes from those who oppress and exploit - precisely because exploitation and oppression are continuous forms of violence far more terrible than any impatient act of individual rebellion or even that of a people in rebellion. It's common knowledge that even the bloodiest of revolutions has not created as many victims as a single war of brief duration, or even of a single year of working class misery.Can we conclude from this that anarchists always disapprove of violence except in cases of self-defense against isolated and passing personal or collective attacks? Not even in your dreams; and whoever would wish to attribute such a stupid idea to us is ignorant and ill-intentioned. But it would also be ignorant and ill-intentioned to argue that we're always and at any cost in favor of violence. Violence, besides being in itself in contradiction with the philosophy of anarchism, is a thing which saddens us because it causes tears and pain. It can impose itself through necessity, but if it would be unpardonable weakness to condemn it when it's necessary, it would also be reprehensible to employ it when it would be irrational, useless, or contrary to our interests.In sum, and this applies to all revolutionaries, we should never abdicate our own judgment. If we want to publish a paper, edit a pamphlet, organize a conference or meeting, we always first measure if it's worth the trouble to spend the time and money, and we decide affirmatively when we conclude that the probable results are worth the effort necessary to obtain them. So why shouldn't we use the same decision-making process when the cost, as Malatesta aptly notes, is figured in human lives - to see if this cost will obtain, at the minimum, the same or equivalent effect which some other form of propaganda would obtain? Certainly, in questions of this type it's not possible to make a precise measurement of the pros and cons of all acts; but in the relative sense the previously mentioned considerations retain their importance: as a general rule, reason should be preferred to chance or to the irrational.





To present an example, if in any given moment it were necessary to the triumph of a revolution to set fire to a library, I who love books would consider it a crime to oppose the burning, even though I would consider the fire a misfortune. The violence of the innovator, no matter how implacable it might be, is always employed with loving thought: "He compassionately commits cruelties," says Giovanni Bovio. In equal manner love is the guide when surgery is performed upon a sick person. But what would we say of a surgeon who would operate simply for the pleasure of operating?





To provide a more fitting example, In Russia all attacks against the government, its representatives, and its supporters are considered justified even by our adversaries and our most moderate partisans - even when innocent people are wounded. But the same people would disapprove of these acts if they were blindly committed against passersby in the street, theater goers, or people sitting in a cafe.





"The new society should not commence with a vile act," said Nicola Barbato in his memorable declaration before a military tribunal. It would be vile to sin through an excess of sentimentality when revolutionary action is required; but it would likewise be mistaken to hope for the triumph of a violent revolution guided by hate, which, as Malatesta pointed out in an article twelve or fourteen years ago, would conduct us to a new tyranny even if it covered itself with the mantle of anarchy.
Violent Language in Polemics and Propaganda
One of the reasons revolutionary, and especially anarchist, propaganda is so difficult to listen to and is so unpersuasive is that it employs a form and language that are so abusive that instead of garnering sympathy, it repels it - along with the interest of those who listen to it.





I remember the first time that anarchist periodicals fell beneath my gaze; their style, rather than persuading me, offended me, and I probably never would have become an anarchist if, beyond reading periodicals, I hadn't had my interest perked by good-natured discussion with a friend and the attentive reading of calm, serious, nonvirulent books and pamphlets. And I also remember that what called my attention to, and elicited my sympathy for, anarchism was precisely the abusive language with which it was attacked by bourgeois writers of all shades during the period 1892-1893.





In reading those violent attacks I sensed the weakness of the authoritarian arguments; it was precisely the miserableness of the arguments against anarchism which persuaded me, on the one hand, of the reasonableness of libertarianism, and on the other, that when the aim in propaganda is to convince rather than crush, that the poorer the argument the more abusive the language. Since then, every time I've undertaken a polemic, I've never felt so certain of myself as when I've been grossly attacked: "You're enraged? It's because you're wrong," I'm wont to say to myself when thinking of my opponent.





And I'm pleased that my attitude is exhibited by all of the most notable scientific and cultural anarchists, and is demonstrated by the efficacy of their propaganda. Peter Kropotkin, recalling the founding of "La Révolté", notes:





"Our periodical was moderate in form but revolutionary in substance... The socialist periodicals frequently tend to submerse themselves in a jeremiad over existing conditions ... misery and suffering, etc., are described in vivid colors. In order to counter the depressing effect these lamentations produce, they then recur to the magic of violent words, with which they attempt to incite their readers... I believe, on the contrary, that a revolutionary periodical ought to dedicate itself, above all, to welcoming the signs which everywhere are the prelude to the advent of a new era, the germination of new forms of social life, the growing rebellion against the old institutions ... That which makes the worker feel that his heart beats in unison with the heart of humanity throughout the entire world, that which takes part in rebellion against secular injustice, in attempts to create new social conditions ... I hold that that should be the primary mission of a revolutionary periodical." Given that the objective of propaganda is to persuade, it's necessary to know how to employ appropriate language. I remember a French anarchist who in articles, conferences, and even in personal conversation, would begin by calling his adversaries "bestial," be they priests or businessmen, republicans or socialists, or even anarchists who didn't share his opinions. Imagine an opponent who treated us so grossly. If the matter didn't end in a fist fight, it's at least certain that he would never persuade us even if he had all the reason in the world on his side.





Should we then put on gloves to contend with our enemies and with those who decieve the public? Certainly not, but it's still preferable that abuse be employed in verbal arguments, rather than in nonverbal forms. Clearly the people have to some degree opened their eyes and hate those who dominate them, so it's not necessary to be afraid to speak.





In certain circumstances it would be vile and dangerous to quiet one's indignation. But to always be indignant, come what may, even when speaking of historical materialism, of individualism, or of concentration of capital, is puerile and involves the risk that our adversaries won't take us seriously, having become accustomed to hyperbolic words and phrases which eventually lose their efficacy completely.





I know of relatively free lands where there are no obstacles to written propaganda, where the most unbridled fantasy can be used to attack the entire universe with the most violent literary dynamite and firebombs available to anyone who wishes to attack the "vile bourgeoisie." The police in these countries have no cause for alarm, because those who write with such fury soon exhaust their entire repertoire of harsh rhetoric and have no effect upon their readers. What's worse is that when the day arrives in which it's really necessary to raise the tone of voice in articles and discourses, writers and orators are impotent to produce the slightest impression upon a public already tired of their virulence. And then propaganda loses three-fourths of its value.





We're frequently strident in propaganda not to convince, but rather to put down our adversaries, or to produce a "pretty" literary gesture. This was the case with Tailhade, who wrote admirable apologies in prose and verse for every physically violent political attack, but who folded his tents after a year in jail and joined the nationalist party because it would have had bad consequences for him had he continued anarchist apologetics.





The "pretty gesture" can be good and useful - but only when it's done with valor and dignity, when the insolence is openly thrown in the face of the enemy and when responsibility for it is accepted. Then the word is made flesh and results in propaganda of the deed. More than once we've seen those thought among anarchists to be timid, who when presented with the occasion were heroes before bayonets or tribunals; and, in contrast, we've seen many terrible loudmouths become silent when danger presented itself, or, worse yet, become figures of ridicule, like some of the most strident editors of "Sempre Avanti" of Livorno, and of "Ordine" of Turin, who in the years 1893-1894 wrote with a dynamite bomb on the editor's desk, but who when brought to trial renounced anarchism, called upon the parish priest to testify to their good characters after devoutly recieving communion, called themselves evolutionary Spencerian anarchists, and other things even worse. It's less damaging when abusive language has artistic merit or embodies a substantially correct concept; but in the immense majority of cases, the most abusive statements are expressed in a vocabulary which causes laughter or pain.





Naturally, the foregoing should be taken with a grain of salt, since, unfortunately, in certain circles strident language in propaganda and polemics has become so habitual that many believe it indispensable and will be offended by my words. But I don't speak of these valiant and loyal comrades, or better said, yes, I am speaking of them, but in order to convince them of the foregoing facts - that it's damaging to the propagation of our ideas to persist in inadequate methods, methods which are injurious. If those who read what I say are evolved reasonable persons, it won't bother them that I'm poking a sore spot. It will undoubtedly irritate those few who know they're doing evil work for the unconfessable ends of personal vanity or success, or pseudo-revolutionary glory.




The truth is that many who speak loudly and strongly also know how to work effectively; and there are those who don't limit themselves to using moderate terms, but are also moderate in substance, in deeds. I admire the former and deplore the latter, and feel closer to the first even though we might be separated by doctrinal or tactical differences. But the truth remains the same - things should be done keeping the end in mind.





The goal of propaganda and polemics is to convince and persuade. Well then, we can't convince and we can't persuade with abusive language, insults, and invective, but rather with courtesy and the educational effects of our bearing and actions. Only when a force which threatens or oppresses us places a material obstacle in our path, an obstacle which we can't overcome without resorting to violence - be it opposition to our propaganda, an obstacle to our movement, or brutal limitation of our liberty and well-being - only then is violence logical; but then to be "violent" in words would be very ridiculous. To present an example, I would say that it's ridiculous to attempt to convince people with violence, just as it would be ridiculous to attempt to win an insurrection with simple written or spoken arguments.





In accord with what I've said before, not all those who scream most violently are cowards, just as not all those who speak moderately are made of the metal of heroes, but the damage to our propaganda from the habits of the former are immeasurably greater than the damage from the habits of the latter. If tomorrow, in the material struggle, those who do not preach and posture as macho tough guys would show themselves to be cowards, it would be bad, but it would be an unobserved evil. But if those who mouth off about terrible things, and attract the antipathy of those who disagree with them, would show themselves to be cowards, the effect would be disastrous. And the people and our adversaries would have plausible reasons, at first glance, not to take us seriously.





The truth is that in times of calm, the rude word which is a moral slap in the face practically becomes a necessity when we find ourselves faced with a fact which makes us indignant or opponents of recognized dishonesty. But the harsh word of protest and the moral slap in the face are much more efficacious the less they are employed.





Try, rather, to use language which is moderate in form, but which in substance expresses what you want to say completely and without compromise; and try to habituate your readers to the polite form of the polemic. Then, when for good reason you have to raise the tone of your voice, see if you aren't better understood than you would be if you constantly screamed like a demon.





In propaganda it's always necessary to strike a chord which resonates in the human heart, and this will be impossible if you habituate your spirit to violence. After the first impression, habit takes over. It's like a person who is at first enormously impressed upon simply hearing the discharge of a revolver, but later doesn't become the least bit agitated when at a firing range. And we need to agitate incessantly in order to call attention to our arguments.





It could be objected, and with reason, that we live in an atmosphere of such violence and evil that it's not always possible to preserve the desirable serenity. No one would dispute this; my observations only have suggestive value for those who dedicate themselves to propaganda. Similarly, it's true that there are institutions and persons toward which it is not possible to be tolerant, toward which we have the sacrosanct duty, as our poet says, to combat them "without respect and without courtesy." For example, when one speaks of the government it would be stupid to search for euphemisms.





The truth is that when one speaks badly of trashy people it's necessary to be very careful not to attribute actions to them which they have not committed, in order not to give them a pretext to protest and proclaim their goodness and honor. Through excessive indulgence in this type of exaggeration, we've given rise among our adversaries to the ironic phrase, "It's raining. It's the government's fault!" But all governments, even though they're not responsible for the rain, cause much graver damage, and it's not necessary to have fears about attacking them. One can never attack governments, priests, and bosses enough, and if harsh polemic and propaganda is employed solely against them, nothing need be said, save what I've already mentioned.





But the "violence" of language in polemics and propaganda, "violence" in word and writing, which at times has sadly resulted in physical violence against persons, the "violence" which I deplore above all, is that which is employed against other progressive parties, more or less revolutionary, not that that matters, which are composed of the oppressed and exploited like ourselves, people like us who desire to bring about positive changes in the present socio-political situation. Those parties which aspire to power will undoubtedly, when they achieve it, become enemies of the anarchists. But as this is yet distant, as their intentions can be good and we would also like to get rid of many evils which they want to eliminate, and as we have many enemies in common against whom we might, perhaps, launch more than one battle, it's useless, when it's not prejudicial to our interests, to treat them abusively, given that what now divides us is a difference of opinion; and to treat someone abusively because s/he doesn't think or work like us is a grand presumption, an antisocial act.





The propaganda and polemics directed at elements of the other parties should, in order to attract them, persuade them of the worthiness of our reasoning. What we've already said along general lines, that those who are treated as evil persuade themselves that they are evil, is very applicable to assimilable elements - youths, workers, already awakened minds, those already on the road to the truth. The impact of abuse delays them on this path rather than pushing them forward. Some of their leaders may be treacherous, but tell me, are we certain that there aren't persons working in the same manner among ourselves? Should we attack them all, gather them all in the same net, when what we want is to attack those who work treacherously, and not everyone in the entire party? Certainly many of their doctrines are in error, but to demonstrate their error it's not necessary to insult them; certain of their methods are harmful to the revolutionary cause, but working differently, in our own manner, and by using example and reasoned demonstration, we'll show them that our methods are better.





All of the comments in this pamphlet have suggested themselves to me because of a phenomenon which I've observed in our own camp. We have become so accustomed to shouting about everything, that we've been gradually losing our appreciation of the value of words and their differences in meaning. The same depreciative adjectives serve equally to tar the priest, the monarchist, the republican, the socialist, and even those anarchists who have the misfortune not to think as we do - and this is a basic defect.





Without wanting to dwell upon the innumerable times that I've heard the terms "mystifiers," "clerics," "crazies," "cowards," and other similar niceties among good comrades, it will suffice to give an example I've found (and cite with disgust) in a periodical which calls itself "anarchist." In the letters column they have a correspondent called Fulano (not his real name) who promises that "during the next congress of social anarchists in Rome, I'll throw a bomb into them." That would appear a joke, a sick joke certainly, if the entire periodical hadn't been a testimonial to that rancorous, almost hateful phrase.





It's a commonplace that fights are most common between brothers... and that makes a miserable brotherhood. I would urge against these sad and painful methods. To me, the only adequate method appears to be not to resort to insults, or at most, limiting ourselves to exposing those who use abusive language or come to sow confusion and discord in our camp.





I still believe that it would be best that we get to know each other and above all to work without losing sight of the fact that we have before us our enemy, our true enemy who awaits the moment of our weakness in order to attack us. Never, in the manner of those parties in which action is the only reason for being. could it be said with more reason that laziness is the worst of the vices - and discord is the first.





Not always, especially from those adept at using the pen, is abuse against comrades or against our friends in parties with similar ends, the rudest type, which perhaps, is not the worst.





How many slashes given with knowing malignity, how many elegant ironies, how much sarcasm, how much ridicule we use at times in order to tumble an adversary! These weapons are used especially when we know we're not right, when our consciences tell us that we're attacking someone who doesn't merit it and instead deserves our praise. Then, in order to appear superior, the propaganda becomes doubly damaging, because not only do we not convince the person we attack, but we also disgust those who hold him or her in esteem.





Another grave defect in polemicizing against or criticizing someone is the a priori presumption of bad faith. Naturally, when we deal with someone who does work treacherously, we shouldn't be afraid to say so. But to treat someone as dealing in bad faith, it's necessary to present proof evident to anyone. It will be enough to present such proof to decorously put an end to a polemic. And if the proof is not self-evident and there is no absolute certainty, it would be an error to base a rude polemic on vague and simple presumptions. It's preferable, even though one suspects the contrary, to suppose good faith in one's adversaries, while not hesitating to blast them when their bad faith later becomes evident.






In general, when one deals with proselytizing propaganda or polemics, it's necessary to construct the discussion upon a foundation of mutually admitted good faith, given that the purpose is to convince the greatest number of listeners who sympathize with one's opponent. If I discuss the conquest of public power with the head of a political party, I know well how difficult it will be to convince him, but what primarily interests me is to have those who follow him listen to what I say.





Additionally, we ought to treat the ideas of others and their persons with respect when we discuss them with people we don't know. Imagine if we had discussions with other anarchists in distant locations. What would they say if we treated them as if they were foolish and treacherous, basing ourselves upon an arbitrary interpretation of an isolated event, or upon a few phrases spoken about us, or upon an article in a periodical, etc.? What would they say if we attributed ideas to them which they didn't have, tending to think evil of them rather than good?




What would they say, in sum, if we treated them not as sincere comrades, but rather as evilly intentioned adversaries whom we want to denigrate and annihilate? They would say that we are ignorant, malicious, and intolerant people who intend to strangle the voice of those who do not think as we do. They would say that we desire to defame rather than to convince them, because of an overriding spirit of supremacy and a desire to destroy their reputations.





And given that we're speaking of abusive language, let's also speak, before ending of that which is directed not against persons, but against ideas, and which we can term "rhetorical violence."





When we engage in propaganda, we have the custom, in order to cause the greatest impression, of speaking and writing in figurative manner, through means of contrast, hyperbole, simile. It's a natural method and one to which we must recur when we're directing ourselves to persons who are uncultivated or of simple spirit, and as such very impressionable, and in whom we can inculcate our ideas more. vividly and deep-seatedly through imagery rather than through cold and mathematical reasoning.





But this utility has a danger. While we all have a natural tendency to exaggerate arguments and images when writing or speaking about things which excite us, that same exaggeration at times neutralizes the effect of our words. Let's be clear. It appears to me that we anarchists shouldn't make too many distinctions: governments that are monarchic, theocratic, socialist, republican, are for us almost equal and we ought to combat them all. But if we make distinctions, we shouldn't make them in favor of the worst forms of government.





Because of this one can't say that the secular lie is worse than the religious lie. The religious lie is always the most potent and venomous of all, in a manner vastly more damaging than that of the secular lie, which, not because of intrinsic merit, but because of its inherent weakness, is less venomous. Let me explain: If you suffer from a toothache; you certainly would not seriously contend that it's worse than an attack of apoplexy. It's definitely not good to suffer from either of these things, but if some distinction need be made, frankly, we'd prefer the toothache. Wouldn't you agree?





Here is what Malato says in regard to the Russian Revolution, arguing with certain comrades who maintain, because of love of hyperbole, that things are worse in France than in Russia. This is an exaggeration which carries as consequences disinterest in the Russian movement and abstention from the protest carried on by intellectuals and workers in Paris in favor of the Russian revolutionaries. [These lines were written before the Bolsheviks seized control of and betrayed the Russian Revolution.] What should be said is that if the French government is more liberal than that in Russia it's not by its own merit, but because the French people knew how to make a revolution, a Commune, and consequently, have known how to resist reactionary violence. What should be said is: We desire that the Russian people will know what to do better than the French people, and will do it better...





Let us then leave to one side useless exaggerations, useless abuse and fratricidal polemics, and let us work toward something else, no matter how little it may be, instead of wasting time flapping our jaws.
Luigi Fabbri
[Some names have been edited by Anarkismo.net.]
Biographical Note
Luigi Fabbri was born in Italy on December 23,1877. He became an anarchist at the age of 17 and two years later met his lifetime friend and comrade Errico Malatesta. They carried on militant revolutionary activities in Italy for which they were persecuted, jailed many times, and forced to leave Italy.





Fabbri's writings are voluminous. In addition to editing periodicals, he wrote leaflets, pamphlets, and several books, including Malatesta: His Life and Thought, Dictatorship and Revolution and Marxism and Anarchism.





Persecution by Mussolini's government caused him to flee to France and Belgium, but he was forced to leave these countries after Mussolini pressured their governments. In the late 1920s he settled in Montevideo, Uruguay, where he remained until his death on July 24,1935.





Luigi Fabbri was not merely a disciple of Malatesta, but was himself an outstanding and original anarchist theoretician.
Sam Dolgoff
Translator's Note
Luigi Fabbri wrote Bourgeois Influences on Anarchism either immediately prior to or during World War I in Italy. The earliest edition of this work, however, appeared in Spain in 1917 as Influencias burguesas sobre el anarquismo. I do not know whether Fabbri wrote it in Italian or Spanish, though I suspect Italian, as there exist at least three slightly varying Spanish-language versions. Since its original appearance, Influencias Burguesas has been reprinted many times in Spanish-speaking countries.





This edition is a translation of the 1980 Ediciones Antorcha version. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first English-language translation of Bourgeois Influences on Anarchism.
Chaz Bufe
Translation copyright ©1987, 2001 by Chaz Bufe. All rights reserved.




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